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IBIBAZO BIKUNZE KUBAZWA <<< IGANEZA >>>



1.Ikinyabiziga cyose cyangwa ibinyabiziga bigenda bigomba kugira:







2.Ijambo “akayira” bivuga inzira nyabagendwa ifunganye yagenewe gusa:







3.Umurongo uciyemo uduce umenyesha ahegereye umurongo ushobora kuzuzwa
n'uturanga gukata tw'ibara ryera utwo turanga cyerekezo tumenyesha :







4.Ahantu ho kugendera mu muhanda herekanwa n'ibimenyetso bimurika ibinyabiziga ntibishobora kuhagenda :





Impamvu: igazetti ivuga ko ahantu ho kugenda mu muhanda herekanwa n'ibimenyetso
bimurika, ibinyabiziga bishobora kuhagenda biteganye naho umubare wabyo utatuma biba ngombwa

5.Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba gukorerwa isuzumwa buri mwaka:





Impamvu: nuko ibyavuzwe haruguru bisuzumwa buri mezi 6

6.Ubugari bwa romoruki ikuruwe n'ikinyamitende itatu ntibugomba kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:




Impamvu: cm30

7.Uburebure bw'ibinyabiziga bikurikira ntibugomba kurenga metero 11 :




Impamvu : imitambiko ibiri cyangwa se irenga

8.Ikinyabiziga kibujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira:




9.Kunyuranaho bikorerwa:




Impamvu : bikorerwa ibumoso ; ariko bishobora no gukorerwa iburyo iyo umuyobozi unyurwaho yerekanye ko ashaka kugana ibumoso

10.Icyapa cyerekana umuvuduko ntarengwa ikinyabiziga kitagomba
kurenza gishyirwa gusa ku binyabiziga bifite uburemere ntarengwa bukurikira:




Impamvu Toni 5

11.Ahatari mu nsisiro umuvuduko ntarengwa mu isaha wa velomoteri ni:




12.Umuyobozi ugenda mu muhanda igihe ubugari bwawo budatuma anyuranaho
nta nkomyi ashobora kunyura mu kayira k'abanyamaguru ariko amaze kureba ibi bikurikira:




Impamvu : umuvuduko w'ibinyabiziga

13.Ku byerekeye kwerekana ibinyabiziga n'ukumurika kwabyo ndetse no kwerekana ihindura ry'ibyerekezo
byabyo. Birabujijwe gukora andi matara cyangwa utugarurarumuri uretse ibitegetswe ariko ntibireba amatara akurikira:




14.Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by'umwihariko umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amapikipiki mu isaha ni:




Impamvu: km80 mu isaha

15.Uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango ikinyabiziga kigende gahoro igihe feri idakora neza babwita:




16.Nibura ikinyabiziga gitegetswe kugira uduhanagurakirahure tungahe:




17.Amatara maremare y'ikinyabiziga agomba kuzimwa mu bihe bikurikira:




18.Ikinyabiziga ntigishobora kugira amatara arenga abiri y'ubwoko bumwe keretse kubyerekeye amatara akurikira:




19.Ubugari bwa romoruki ikuruwe n'igare cyangwa velomoteri ntiburenza ibipimo bikurikira:




Impamvu: cm 75

20. Ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa nka tagisi, bitegerereza abantu mu nzira nyabagendwa, bishobora
gushyirwaho itara ryerekana ko ikinyabiziga kitakodeshejwe. Iryo tara rishyirwaho ku buryo bukurikira:




21. Za otobisi zagenewe gutwara abanyeshuri zishobora gushyirwaho amatara abiri
asa n'icunga rihishije amyasa kugirango yerekane ko zihagaze no kwerekana ko
bagomba kwitonda, ayo matara ashyirwaho ku buryo bukurikira :




22. Itara ryo guhagarara ry'ibara ritukura rigomba kugaragara igihe ijuru rikeye nibura mu ntera ikurikira:




Impamvu: Metero 20 Kumanywa; Metero 150 nijoro

23. Iyo umuvuduko w'ibinyabiziga bidapakiye ushobora kurenga km50 mu isaha ahateganye,
bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho by'ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera:




24. Birabujijwe kugenza ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri naza romoruki zikururwa
nabyo, iyo ibiziga byambaye inziga zidahagwa cyangwa inziga zikururuka zifite umubyimba
uri hasi ya cm 4. Ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa kubinyabiziga bikurikira:




25. Igice cy'inzira nyabagendwa kigarukira ku mirongo ibiri yera icagaguye ibangikanye
kandi gifite ubugari budahagije kugira ngo imodoka zitambuke neza, kiba ari:




26. Ubugari bwa romoruki ntiburenza ubugari bw'ikinyabiziga kiyikurura iyo ikuruwe n'ibinyabiziga bikurikira




27. Iyo harimo indi myanya birabujijwe gutwara ku ntebe y'imbere y'imodoka abana badafite imyaka:




28. Icyapa kivuga gutambuka mbere y'ibinyabiziga biturutse imbere gifite amabara akurikira:




Impamvu : ubuso ni ubururu ; ikirango ni umweru n'umutuku

29. Ni ryari itegeko rigenga gutambuka mbere kw'iburyo rikurikizwa mu masangano:




30.Ibimenyetso bimurika byerekana uburyo bwo kugendera mu muhanda kw'ibinyabiziga
bishyirwa iburyo bw'umuhanda. Ariko bishobora no gushyirwa ibumoso cyangwa hejuru y'umuhanda:




31.Iyo itara ry'umuhondo rimyatsa rikoreshejwe mu masangano y'amayira ahwanyije agaciro rishyirwa ahagana he:




32. Inkombe z'inzira nyabagendwa cyangwa z'umuhanda zishobora kugaragazwa n'ibikoresho
ngarurarumuri. Ibyo bikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho ku buryo abagenzi babibona :




Impamvu : Ibumoso babona iby'ibara ryera ; iburyo babona iby'ibara ry'umutuku cyangwa ibisa n'icunga rihishije (Umuhondo)

33. Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba gukorerwa isuzumwa rimwe mu mezi 6:




34. Iyo kuyobya umuhanda ari ngombwa bigaragazwa kuva aho uhera no kuburebure
bwawo n'icyapa gifite ubuso bw'amabara akurikira:




35. Ku mihanda ibyapa bikurikira bigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo bumwe:




36.Ni iyihe feri ituma imodoka igenda buhoro kandi igahagarara ku buryo bwizewe
bubangutse kandi nyabwo, uko imodoka yaba yikoreye kose yaba igeze ahacuramye cyangwa ahaterera:




37. Ibizirikisho by'iminyururu cyangwa by'insinga kimwe n'ibindi by'ingoboka bikoreshwa gusa
igihe nta kundi umuntu yabigenza kandi nta kindi bigiriwe uretse gusa kugirango ikinyabiziga kigere
aho kigomba gukorerwa kandi nturenze na rimwe km 20 mu isaha, ibyo bizirikisho bigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:




Impamvu : Icyapa cyera cya mpande enye zingana gifite cm 30 kuri buri ruhande

38. Uretse mu mujyi, ku yindi mihanda yajyenwe na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, uburemere
ntarengwa ku binyabiziga bifite imitambiko itatu cyangwa irenga hatarimo makuzungu ni :





39. Ubugari bw'imizigo yikorewe n'ibinyamitende itatu n'ubwiyikorewe n'ibinyamitende 4 bifite
cyangwa bidafite moteri kimwe n'ubw'iyikorewe na romuruki zikuruwe n'ibyo binyabiziga
ntibushobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:






40. Kunyura ku binyabiziga bindi, uretse icy'ibiziga bibiri, bibujijwe aha hakurikira:






41. Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by'umwihariko, umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka
zitwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange ni:






42. Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by'umwihariko, umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zikoreshwa
nk'amavatiri y'ifasi cyangwa amatagisi zifite uburemere bwemewe butarenga kilogarama 3500 ni:






43. Ikinyabiziga kibujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira :






44.Iyo bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe n'uko ibihe bimeze nk'igihe cy'ibihu cyangwa
cy'imvura bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, udutsiko twose tw'abanyamaguru nk'imperekerane
cyangwa udutsiko tw'abanyeshuri bari ku murongo bayobowe n'umwarimu, iyo bagenda mu muhanda
ku isonga hakaba hari abantu barenze umwe bagomba kugaragazwa kuburyo bukurikira :





Impamvu: Imbere n'itara ryera; inyuma n'itara ritukura


45. Utuyira turi ku mpande z'umuhanda n' inkengero zigiye hejuru biharirwa abanyamaguru mu bihe bikurikira:






46. Imburira zimurika zemerewe gukoreshwa kugirango bamenyeshe umuyobozi ko bagiye kumunyuraho
aha hakurikira:





Impamvu: mu nsissiro n'ahandi hose


47. Uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ntibushobora kurenga ½ cy'uburemere bw'ikinyabiziga gikurura
nubw'umuyobozi kuri romoruki zikurikira :






48. Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari burengeje ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugira amatara ndangaburumbarare :






49.Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa akagarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze ku buryo igice cyabyo cyo
hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi y'ibipimo bikurikira kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye :






50. Iyo ikinyabiziga gifite amatara abiri cyangwa menshi y'ubwoko bumwe ayo matara
agomba kugira ibara rimwe n'ingufu zingana kandi akagomba gushyirwaho ku buryo buteganye
uhereye ku murongo ugabanya ikinyabizigamo kabiri mu burebure bwacyo. Ariko ibi ntibikurikizwa
ku matara akurikira:






51. Ahari hejuru cyane y'ubuso bumurika h'amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma ntihashobora
kuba aharenze ibipimo bikurikira hejuru y'ubutaka iyo ikinyabiziga kidapakiye:






52. Ni ryari ikinyabiziga gishobora kugenda mu muhanda moteri itaka cyangwa vitesi idakora:






53. Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n'iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara risa
n'icyatsi kibisi bituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy'uwitegura kumunyuraho.
Iryo tara rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:





Impamvu : inyuma hafi y'impera y'ibumoso bw'ikinyabiziga


54. Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira icyerekana umuvuduko kiri aho umuyobozi
areba neza kandi kigahora kitabwaho kugirango kigume gukora neza:






55.Ubugari bw'imizigo yikorewe n'ipikipiki idafite akanyabiziga ko kuruhande kimwe n'ubwa romoruki ikuruwe na bene icyo kinyabiziga ntibushobora kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:





56. Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira itara ry'ubururu rimyatsa ribonesha mu mpande zose:





57. Ibinyabiziga bihinga n'ibindi bikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa n'ibigo bipatana imirimo, iyo bigenda mu nzira nyabagendwa igihe cya nijoro cyangwa bitewe n'uko ibihe bimeze bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200 bishobora kugaragazwa inyuman'amatara 2 atukura, bipfa kuba bitarenza ibipimo bikurikira:




58. Iyo romoruki iziritse ku kinyamitende, velomoteri n'amapikipiki bidafite akanyabiziga ko kuruhande uretse ikinyamitende na velomoteri bidafite umuyobozi, iyouburumbarare bwayo cyangwa bw'ibyo yikoreye bituma itara ry'ikinyabiziga gikurura ritagaragara igihe bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200 bigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:




59. Ku kinyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntikigomba kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:




60. Iyo amatara y'ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa kandi igihe imizigo isumba impera y'ikinyabiziga ho metero irenga igice gihera cy'imizigo kigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:




Impamvu : itara ritukura cyangwa akagarurarumuri ku mutuku nijoro ; agatambaro gatukura gafite nibura cm 50 z'uruhande kunamanywa

61. Iyo imizigo igizwe n'ibinyampeke, ikawa, ipamba idatonoye, ibishara, ibyatsi, ibishami cyangwa ubwatsi bw'amatungo bidahambiriye uretse amapaki afunze, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera ku bipimo bikurikira:




62. Uretse mu mijyi kuyindi mihanda yagenywe na minisiteri ushinzwe gutwara ibintu n'abantu, uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ku binyabiziga bifatanye bifite imitambiko itatu ni:




63. Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n'iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara rituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy'uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rifite amabara akurikira:




64.Mu gihe utwaye ikinyabiziga uva kuri A ugana kuri B, Iki kimenyetso kiri mu muhanda kivuze iki ?





65.Bumwe muri ubu bwoko bwa feri ituma imodoka iguma aho iri uko yaba yikoreye kose ku muzamuko cyangwa ku gacuri bya 16%, imyanya ya feri igomba gufata igakomeza kwegera kuburyo bw'ibyuma niyo umuyobozi yaba atarimo:




66. Utugarurarumuri turi mu mbavu z'ikinyabiziga tugomba kugira ibara rikurikira:




67.Romoruki zifite ubugari ntarengwa bwa cm 80 zishobora gushyirwaho akagarurarumuri kamwe gusa iyo zikuruwe n'ibinyabiziga bikurikira:




68. Amatara maremare y'ibara ryera cyangwa ry'umuhondo agomba, nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye, kumurika mu muhanda mu ntera ya m 100 nibura imbere y'ikinyabiziga, ariko ku binyabiziga bifite moteri itarengeje za sentimetero kibe 125 iyo ntera igira ibipimo bikurikira:




Impamvu: m75

69. Iyo banyuze iruhande rw'inkomyi abanyamaguru bagomba gukikira banyuze mu muhanda, abayobozi bagomba gusiga umwanya ufite ubugari bwa m 1 nibura hagati yabo nayo. Iyo ibyo bidashobora kubahirizwa kandi umunyamaguru akaba anyura hafi yiyo nkomyi, umuyobozi agomba kuyikikira afite umuvuduko utarengeje ibipimo bikurikira:




Impamvu: km 5 mu isaha

70. Guhagarara akanya gato no guhagarara akanya kanini bibujijwe cyane cyane aha hakurikira:




71. Amatara ndangambere n'aya ndanganyuma y'imodoka zitarengeje m 6 z'uburebure na m 2 z'ubugari habariwemo imitwaro kdi nta kinyabiziga kindi kiziritseho ashobora gusimburwa n'amatara akurikira, iyo ibyo binyabiziga bihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini mu nsisiro bibangikanye ku ruhande rw'umuhanda:




72. Iyo kuva bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe nuko ibihe bimeze nk'igihe cy'igihu cyangwa cy'imvura bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, imirongo y'ingabo z'igihugu zigendera kuri gahunda n'utundi dutsiko twose tw'abanyamagurunk'imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw'abanyeshuri bari ku murongo bayobowe na mwarimu, iyo bagenda mu muhanda ku isonga hakaba hari abantu barenze umwe, bagaragzwa ku buryo bukurikira:




73. Imizigo yikorewe n'amagare, velomoteri, amapikipiki, ibinyamitende by'ibiziga bitatu nibyo ibiziga bine bifite cyangwa bidafite moteri inyuma ntishobora kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:




74. Itara ndanganyuma rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:




75. Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa utugarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze kuburyo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi ya cm 40 kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku matara akurikira:




76. Iyo tumuritswe n'amatara y'urugendo y'i kinyabiziga utugarurarumuri tugomba n'ijoro, igihe ijuru rikeye kubonwa n'umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga kiri mu ntera ikurikira:




77. Ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri, hatarimo velomoteri n'ibinyabiziga bidapakiye umuvuduko wabyo udashobora kurenga km 50 mu isaha ahateganye bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho by'ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera ikurikira:




78. Ahatari mu nsisiro ibyapa biburira n'ibyapa byo gutambuka mbere bigomba gushyirwa mu ntera ikurikira y'ahantu habyerekana:




79.Inkombe z'inzira nyabagendwa cyangwa z'umuhanda zishobora kugaragazwa n'ibikoresho ngarurarumuri. Ibyo bikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho ku buryo abagenzi babibona ku buryo bukurikira:




80. Ahatari mu nsisiro, umuyobozi wese ugenza ikinyabiziga kimwe cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikomatanye bifite uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe burenga ibiro 3500 cyangwa bifite uburebure bwite burenga metero 10 agomba, keretse iyo anyuze cyangwa agiye kunyura ku bindi binyabiziga, gusiga hagati y'ikinyabiziga cye n'iki muri imbere umwanya uhagije kugirango ibinyabiziga bimuhiseho bishobore kuhigobeka bidateje impanuka igihe bibaye ngombwa ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa mu bihe bikurikira:




81. Amatara ndangacyerekezo agomba kuba agizwe n'ibintu bifashe ku rumuri rumyasa, biringaniye ku buryo bigira umubare utari igiharwe ku mpande z'imbere n'inyuma z'ikinyabiziga ayo matara aba afite amabara akurikira:




82. Amahoni y'ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri agomba kohereza ijwi ry'injyana imwe rikomeza kandi ridacengera amatwi ariko ibinyabiziga bikurikira bishobora kugira ihoni ridasanzwe ridahuye n'ibivuzwe haruguru:




83. Icyapa kibuza kunyura kubindi binyabiziga byose uretse ibinyamitende ibiri n'amapikipiki adafite akanyabiziga ku ruhande gifite ibimenyetso by'amabara akurikira:




84. Icyapa kivuga ko hatanyurwa mu byerekezo byombi kirangwa n'ubuso bw'ibara rikurikira:




85.Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira ibikoresho by'ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera ya m 20:




86.Imirongo y'ingabo z'igihugu zigendera kuri gahunda n'utundi dutsiko twose tw'abanyamaguru nk'imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw'abanyeshuri iyo bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m200, bagaragazwa ni itara ryera imbere naho inyuma ni itara ry'umutuku ariko iyo uburebure bwiyo mirongo cyangwa bw'utwo dutsiko burenga m6 impande zatwo cyangwa zayo zigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:




87.Amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma y'imodoka zitarengeje m 6 z'uburebure na m 2 z'ubugari habariwemo imitwaro kandi nta kindi kinyabiziga kiziritseho ashobora gusimburwa n'amatara yo guhagarara umwanya munini iyo ibyo binyabiziga bihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini mu nsisiro bibangikanye ku ruhande rw'umuhanda. Ayo matara arangwa n'amabara akurikira:




88.Amatara ndangaburumbarare agomba kubonwa nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye n'umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga kiri mu ntera ya :




89.Uretse ku byerekeye imihanda iromboreje y'ibisate byinshi n'imihanda yimodoka igice cy'umuhanda kiri hakurya y'umurongo mugari wera ucibwa ku muhanda ngo ugaragaze inkombe mpimbano zawo kigenewe ibi bikurikira:




90.Ibimenyetso by'agateganyo bigizwe n'imitemeri y'ibara risa n'icunga rihishije bishobora gusimbura ibi bikurikira:




91.Iyo bitagishoboka kubona muri m 200 imodoka zikuruwe n'inyamaswa, ingorofani, inyamaswa zitwaye imizigo cyangwa zigenderwamo kimwe n'amatungo bigomba kurangwa na :




92. Uretse igihe hari amategeko yihariye akurikizwa muri ako karere ikinyabiziga cyose gihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini, iyo gihagaze mu mwanya wo kuruhande wagenewe abanyamaguru, kugirango bashobore kugenda batagombye kunyura mu muhanda, umuyobozi agombye kubasigira akayira gafite byibura ibipimo bikurikira by'ubugari:




93.Icyapa cyerekana ahantu hagenewe guhagararwamo n'imodoka nini zagenewe gutwara abantu cyirangwa n'ubuso bw'amabara akurikira:




94.Icyapa cyerekana ko inzira giteyeho mu ntangiriro idakomeza kigaragazwa n'ikirango (ikimenyetso) cy'amabara akurikira:




95. Buri modoka yagenewe gutwara abantu, ariko umubare wabo ntarengwa ukaba munsi ya 6 umuyobozi abariwemo igomba kugira imikandara yo kurinda ibyago igenewe aba bakurikira:




96. Usibye ibinyabiziga by'ingabo z'Igihugu, Ikinyabiziga kigendeshwa na moteri kiriho ibyuma ntamenwa cyangwa ikindi cyose gituma gikoreshwa mu gutera cyangwa mu kwitabara ntigishobora kugenda mu nzira nyabagendwa kidafite uruhushya rwihariye. Urwo ruhushya rutangwa naba bakurikira:




97. Iyo umukumbi ugizwe n'amatungo maremare arenze ane cyangwa amatungo magufi arenze atandatu mu nzira nyabagendwa iyo hatakibona neza kuburyo umuyobozi abona muri m 200 ugomba kugaragazwa kuburyo bukurikira:




98. Ibinyabiziga biherekeranyije mu butumwa ntibishobora gutonda uburebure burenga umurongo wa m 500. Iyi bibaye bityo ibinyabiziga biherekeranye mu butumwa bishobora kugabanwamo amatsinda atonze umurongo atarengeje m 50 z'uburebure kdi hagati yayo hakaba byibura m 50 ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa kubinyabiziga bikurikira:




99. Iyo ikinyabiziga gikururwa n'inyamaswa nacyo gikuruye ikindi uburebure bw'ibikururwa bukaba burenga m 18 hatabariwemo icyo kinyabiziga cya mbere kiziritseho hagomba ibi bikurikira:




100.Ibinyabiziga bikurikira ntibitegetswe kugira ibimenyetso bibyerekana iyo byambukiranya umuhanda cyangwa bigenda ku ruhande rwawo:




101.Icyapa cy'inyongera kigaragaza ikibanza cy'ingando cyangwa cy'abantu benshi bagendera ku nyamaswa kirangwa n'amabara akurikira:




102.Icyapa cyerekana ahantu amategeko y' Umuhanda urombeje w'ibice byinshi atangirira gukurikizwa, kirangwa n'ibirango (ibimenyetso) by'amabara akurikira:




Impamvu : umweru n'ubururu

103.Igihe ikorwa ry'imirimo ribangamiye cyane cyangwa buke uburyo bwo kugenda mu nzira nyabagendwa, ahakorerwa imirimo hagaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:




Impamvu : Ahitaruye hashyirwa ikimenyetso mubyapa biburira gifite nimero 20 ; nanone aho imirimo ikorerwa n'uruzitiro ku mpande zombi

104.Iyo mu muhanda, imirimo yihariye ubugari butuma abayobozi bagomba kuva mu mwanya wabo usanzwe kugirango bakomeze urugendo, ahategetswe kunyurwa hagaragazwa n'ikimenyetso gishyirwa aho imirimo irangirira mu ruhande rugenderwamo. Icyo kimenyetso kirangwa n'amabara akurikira:




105.Icyapa cyerekana ko hari amabwiriza yihariye mu buryo bwo kugendera mu cyambu cyangwa ku kibuga cy'indege giteye ku buryo bukurikira:




106.Nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye, itara ribonesha icyapa kiranga numero y'ikinyabiziga rigomba gutuma izo numero zisomerwa nibura mu ntera ikurikira:




107.Ibyapa byerekana icyago cyidahoraho kandi bigenewe kwerekana aho bagana cyangwa aho berekeza umuhanda nk'igihe cy'impanuka cyangwa hari imirimo ikorwa mu muhanda birangwa n'amabara akurikira:




Impamvu: umweru; n'umutuku

108.Birabujijwe kubangamira imigendere isanzwe y'ibindi binyabiziga kubera ibi bikurikira:




109.Ibiziga by'ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri n'ibya velomoteri kimwe n'ibya romoruki zabyo bigomba kuba byambaye inziga zihagwa zifite amano n'ubujyakuzimu butari munsi ya milimetero imwe ku migongo yabyo yose nubudodobwabyo ntibugire ahantu na hamwe bugaragara kandi ntibugire aho byacitse bikomeye mu mpande zabyo ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku binyabiziga bikurikira:




110.Amatara maremare y'ikinyabiziga agomba kuzimwa mu bihe bikurikira:




111.Iyo akanyabiziga gasunikwa cyangwa ibyo gatwaye bidatuma umuyobozi abona neza imbere ye, uwo muyobozi agomba gukora ibi bikurikira:




112.Uretse igihe hari amategeko yihariye akurikizwa muri ako karere cyangwa imitunganyirize bwite y'aho, ikinyabiziga cyose cyangwa inyamaswa ihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini igomba kuba iri aha hakurikira:




113.Iyo ikinyabiziga gihagaritswe n'ijoro ku buryo abayobozi bakigana badashobora kumenya ko kibabereye imbogamizi, kigomba kurangirwa kure n'ikimenyetso cyabigenewe kiri ahantu hagaragara kugirango kiburire hakiri kare abandi bayobozi baza bagisanga, ariko ntibireba ibinyabiziga bikurikira:




114.Abanyamaguru batatanye cyangwa bagize udutsiko tudafatanyije gahunda kdi batanayobowe n'umwarimu bategetswe kunyura mu tuyira turi ku mpande z'umuhanda no ku nkengero zigiye hejuru uretse ubutaka butsindagiye butandukanya imihanda ibiri bwo kunyurwamo gusa n'aba bakurikira:




115.Ibinyabiziga biherekeranyije mu butumwa ntibishobora gutonda uburebure burenga umurongo wa m 500, iyo bibaye bityo ibinyabiziga biherekeranyije mu butumwa bishobora kugabanywamo amatsinda atonze umurongo utarengeje ibipimo bikurikira:




116.Ibyapa byereka inkomane y'inzira nyabagendwa n'inzira ya gariyamoshi bigomba iteka kumurikwa cyangwa kugarura urumuri ku buryo bigaragarira nibura mu ntera ikurikira igihe ijuru rikeye:




Impamvu: Metero 100

117.Imbibi ziri ku mpera z'ubwihugiko bw'abanyamaguru kandi ziri mu muhanda kimwe n'imbibi n'ibindi bikoresho bigenewe gutuma bagenda mu muhanda nta muvundo zisigwa irangi ry'ibara rikurikira:




118.Kugirango ikinyabiziga kive ahantu hari urwondo cyangwa hanyerera bidasanzwe hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo bukurikira:




119.Iyo imizigo igizwe n'ibinyampeke, ikawa, amakara, ubwatsi bw'amatungo bidahambiriye, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera kuri m2 na cm75 ariko iyo iyo mizigo ijyanwa mu karere katarenga km25 uvuye aho yapakiriwe, usibye mu nsisiro, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera ku bipimo bikurikira:




120.Mu mujyi no ku mihanda y'igihugu igenwa na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, ubwikorere ntarengwa ku ikamyo iyo ariyo yose ntibushobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:




Impamvu: Toni 53

121.Iyo bitewe n'imiterere y'ahantu intera itandukanya icyapa n'ahantu habi iri munsi ya m150 ku buryo bugaragara, iyo ntera yerekanishwa icyapa cy'inyongera giteye ku buryo bukurikira:




122.Nijoro, amatara yo kubisikana y'ibara ryera cyangwa y'umuhondo agomba, igihe ijoro rikeye kumurika mu muhanda nibura mu ntera ikurikira:




123.Ikintu cyose cyatuma hahindurwa ibyanditse bireba nyirikarita cyangwa ibiranga ikinyabiziga kigomba kumenyeshwa ibiro by'umusoro haba mu magambo cyangwa mu ibaruwa ishinganye ibyo bikorwa mu gihe kingana gute:




124.Kugirango berekane ahantu habi cyane, hakoreshwaikimenyetso cy'itara ry'umuhondo rimyasa, rivuga uburenganzira bwo gutambuka icyo kimenyetso barushijeho kwitonda. Ese icyo kimenyetso gihindura iki ku mategeko agenga gutambuka mbere:




126.Amatara maremare y'ibara ryera cyangwa ry'umuhondo agomba nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye kumurika mu ntera ikurikira ku binyabiziga bifite moteri itarengeje ingufu zigera kuri sentimetero kibe 125




127.Iyo kuva bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe n'uko ibintu bimeze bitagishoboka kubona muri m 200, ibinyabiziga cyangwa imitwaro bifite ubugari burenga m 2.50 iyo bigenda mu nzira nyabagendwa bigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:




128.Igice cy'umuhanda kiri hakurya y'umurongo mugari wera udacagaguye ugaragaza inkombe mpimbano y'umuhanda kiba kigenewe ibi bikurikira:




Impamvu : guhagararwamo umwanya muto cyangwa munini

129.Mu gihe utwaye ikinyabiziga uva kuri A ugana kuri B, Iki kimenyetso kiri mu muhanda kivuze iki ?





130.Iminyururu n'ibindi byuma bifashisha bishobora kuvanwaho cyangwa binagana, hatabariwemo ibimenyetso byerekana ibyerekezo bigomba gutungurwa ku kinyabiziga ku buryo igihe byizunguza bitarenga impande zihera uburumbarare bw'ikinyabiziga kandi ibyo byuma bifashisha ntibigomba gukururuka ku butaka ariko ibyo ntibibujijwe ku binyabiziga bikurikira:




131.Ku binyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntigishobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:




132.Uretse bibonewe uruhushya, ubundi birabujijwe gushyira no gukomeza kugendesha imodoka cyangwa romoruki mu nzira nyabagendwa iyo uburemere bw'ibyikorewe burenze uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe n'ikarita iranga ikinyabiziga ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku binyabiziga bikurikira:




133.Gushyira mu muhanda ku buryo budasanzwe ibinyabiziga bikururana birenze bitatu bigomba gutangirwa uruhusa, uretse imashini ihinga iyo zigenda uregendo rutarenze km 25, ibinyabiziga bikururana bitwaye ibyamamazwa n'ibindi biteganwa n'iri teka ariko igiteranyo cy'uburebure bw'ibyo binyabiziga bikururana ntigishobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:




134.Ibinyamitende itatu bifite moteri bigomba kugira amatara akurikira:




135.Ibyapa bibuza n'ibitegeka bikurikizwa gusa aha hakurikira:




136.Icyapa cy'inyongera kerekana aho bagobokera ibinyabiziga kirangwa n'amabara akurikira:




137.Icyapa cyerekana uburebure bw'igice cyatera ibyago cyangwa bw'ahantu amabwiriza y'icyo cyapa agomba gukurikizwa kirangwa n'ubuso n'ibimenyetso bikurikira:




Impamvu : ubuso bw'umweru, n'ikimenyetso cy'umukara

138.Umurongo w'umuhondo ucagaguye uciye ku nkombe nyayo y'umuhanda, umusezero w'inzira y'abanyamaguru cyangwa w'inkengero y'umuhanda yegutse uvuga ibi bikurikira:




Impamvu : guhagarara umwanya munini birabujijwe ku burebure bw'uwo murongo

139.Ku binyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntigishobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:




Impamvu : inyuma ni m 3,50 ; imbere ni m 2,70

140.Mu migi no ku yindi mihanda y'igihugu igenwa na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu uburemere ntarengwa kuri buri mitambiko 3 ifungwaho ibiziga bine ni:




141.Iyo hagati y'uruhande rw'imbere rwa romoruki n'uruhande rw'inyuma rw'ikinyabiziga kiyikurura hari umwanya urenze m 3 ikibizirikanyije kigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira iyo amatara y'ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa:




142.Birabujijwe kongera ku mpande z'ikinyabiziga kigendeshwa na moteri cyangwa velomoteri ibi bikurikira:




143.Iyo ubugari bw'inzira nyabagendwa igenderwamo n'ibinyabiziga budahagije kugirango bibisikane nta nkomyi abagenzi bategetswe:




144.Birabujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira:




145.Imirongo yera iteganye n'umurongo ugabanya umuhanda mo kabiri mu burebure bwawo ugaragaza:




146.Iyo ikinyabiziga kitagikora cyangwa cyoherejwe mu mahanga burundu ibyapa ndanga bigomba gukurwaho bikoherezwa mu biro by'imisoro, ibyo bikorwa mu gihe kingana gute:




147.Ku mihanda yagenwe na minisitiri ubifite mu nshingano ibyapa biburira n'ibyapa byerekana bigomba kugaragazwa kuva bwije kugera bukeye n'urumuri rwihariye cyangwa amatara ku mihanda cyangwa ibintu ngarurarumuri. Igihe ijuru rikeye intera y'ahagaragara igomba kuba nibura:




Impamvu : metero 100

148.Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by'umwihariko umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zidafite ibizibuza kwiceka kuberako ariko zakozwe ni:




149.Mu gihe telefone yawe ihamagawe utwaye imodoka wakora iki?




150.Niki wakora mbere y'uko uhindura icyerekezo?




151.Niki muribi wakwirinda mugihe ushaka kunyuranaho?




152.Niki wakora mugihe usanze mu bimenyetso bimurika harimo ibara ry'umuhondo.





153.Mugihe ukurikiranye na romoruki,n'ukubera iki ugomba gusiga umwanya uhagije hagati yawe nayo?




154.Utegereje gukata iburyo kwiherezory'umuhanda.ukingirijwe nimodoka ihagaze.niki wakora?




155.Mugihe uri murugendo rurerure mumuhanda urombereje w'ibice byinshi.niki wakora mugihe wumva utangiye kugira ibitotsi?




156.Kuki ugomba gucana amatara mugihe hatangiye kwijima?




157.Urimo kugenda munzira nyabagendwa ni gute wanyura k'umuyobozi w'igare?




158.Niki wakora igihe utabona neza usubira inyuma ?




159.Igihe ukurikiwe n'ikinyabiziga gitwara abarwayi gicanye amatara y'intabaza arabagirana. Wakora iki ?




160.Wifuza kugana ibumoso imbere yawe. kubera iki ushaka umwanya mwiza kandi uhagije?




161.Utwaye ikinyabiziga inyuma ya romoruki.umuyobozi wayo akaguha ikimenyetso cyo kumutambukaho iburyo kandi ugana ibumoso, wakora iki ?




162.Wegereye inzira y'abanyamaguru ugasanga bategereje kwambuka. Ugomba gukora iki?




163.Iki kimenyetso kiri mu muhanda kivuze iki ?





164.Kumanywa urumuri rudahagije hatabona neza .Ni ayahe matara y'urugendo ugomba gukoresha.




165.Niyihe mpamvu ituma tugomba kugabanya umuvuduko mugihe hari ibihu ?




166.Niki ugomba gukora igihe uhagaze ku muhanda igihe cy'ibihu?




167.Iki cyapa cyivuga iki?




168.Icyapa gikurikira kivuze iki?




169.Inzira nyabagendwa ifite ibyerekezo bibiri, uruhande rw'ibumoso rudufasha iki ?




170.Ni hehe byemewe kunyuranaho munzira y'icyerekezo kimwe?




171.N'uwuhe muntu ushobora gusimbura ibimenyetso byo mumuhanda, dutegetswe kubaha?




172.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




173.Ibyapa bitegeka bikozwe muyihe shusho?




174.Nikihe cyapa cyerekena ko nta kinyabiziga gifite moteri cyemerewe kuhanyura?




175.iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




176.Imbere yawe iki cyapa kikubwiye iki ?




177.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




179.Iki cyapa gisubanura iki?




180.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




181.Iki Cyapa Gisobanura Iki?




182.Iki cyapa gisobanura Iki?




183.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




184.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




185.wakora iki ubonye icyi cyapa ?




186.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




187.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




188.Icyapa kikubwira gutanga inzira kigira iyihe shusho?




189.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




190.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




191.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




192.Mu bimenyetso bimurika itara ritukura rivuga iki ?




193.Mubimenyetso bimurika itara ry'umuhondo risobanura iki ?




194.Mubimenyetso bimurika itara ry'icyatsi risobanura iki ?




195.Umurongo ucagaguye wera mu muhanda usobanura iki?




196.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




197.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




198.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




199.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




200.Muri iri sangano ry'umuhanda hari icyapa gisobanura “guhagarara” n'umurongo wera urombereje munzira . Niyihe mpamvu hari iki cyapa cyo “guhagarara” hano?




201.Ni iki gikenewe muri ibi bikurikira kugirango ubashe gutwara imodoka mu muhanda biteganywa nitegeko




202.Ikinyabiziga gishya gikenerwa gusuzumwa bwambere nyuma y'igihe kingana iki ?




204.Ugeze ahabereye impanuka yo mumuhanda bwambere ugasanga abakomeretse bikomeye. wakiriza icyarimwe amatara y'ibyerekezo byombi, niki kindi ushobora gukora?




205.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabizaga cy'ikoreye ibintu bishobora gufata inkongi, n'ikihe cyapa cyerekana ko ibyo atwaye biturika by'afata inkongi ?






206.Wakoze impanuka yo mu muhanda , ni ikihe cyangombwa polisi ishobora kugusaba kucyerekana ?





207.Uhuye n'ingorane utwaye ikinyabiziga , mu muhanda ufite ibyerekezo bibiri, ufite ikimenyetso kiburira cya mpandeshatu . wagishyira mu ntera ingana iki uvuye aho ikinyabiziga cyahagaze




208.Umuyobozi usunika ipikipiki agomba gufatwa nka:




209.Icyapa gikoze mw'ishusho ya mpandeshatu kimenyesha:




210.Iki cyapa gisobanura :




211.Iki cyapa gisobanura:




212.Urenze munsisiro ,ukahasanga ibyapa bibiri iburyo bwawe bimenyesha ko irangira ry'imirimo bitewe nicyo ibyo byapa bemenyesha wagendera kuwuhe muvuduko ?




213.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki?




214.igice kinzira nyabagendwa gikikijwe n'imirongo ibiri y'umweru iciyemo uduce kandi iteganye :




215.iki cyapa kibuza abayobozi bibinyabiziga kunyuranaho :




216.Iki cyapa kibuza kunyuranaho ibumoso ku binyabiziga bikurikira :




217.iki kimenyetso cyaka kinyemerera gukomeza:




218.Mu muhanda ufite uruhererekane rw'amakoni, feri y'urugendo ikoreshwa ryari?




219.Ni ikihe cyapa muri ibi kintegeka gutanga inzira:




220.Iki cyapa gisobanura :




221.Uri umuyobozi wa velomoteri, uhuye n'umwe munshuti zawe agusaba ko wa mutwara ukamusiga ku'wundi muhanda. ufite imyaka 18 ariko nta ngofero yindi yabigenewe ufite. wamutwara?




222.Ni ikihe cyapa cy'inyemerera gutambuka mbere mu masangano y'umuhanda?




223.Mbere yo kunyura kumuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga cy'imitende ibiri, ngomba gucana akaranga cyerekezo k'ibumoso?




224.Nshobora kunyuraho umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga wahagaze imbere y'inzira yabanyamaguru?




225.Hejuru y'aka kanunga:




226.Mu gihe cy'impanuka mu muhanda n'ubundi bushotoranyi ni yihe nimero ya telefone y'ubutabazi wahamagara :




227.Ugeze bwa mbere ahabereye impanuka yo mu muhanda harimo inkomere wakora iki ?




228.Mugihe ikinyabiziga cyacu bakinyuzeho




229.Ntibyemewe gukoresha telephone




230.Mbere yo kunyura ku kindi kinyabiziga, ni ngombwa kumenya ko:




231.Ikindi kinyabiziga kiguturutse inyuma kiguterera amatara y'urumuri rumyasa, wakora iki?




232.Mu gihe Umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona yambuka umuhanda yitwaje inkoni yera y'abatabona:




233.Amatara y'urugendo, mu gihe cy'ibihu:




233.Amatara y'urugendo, mu gihe cy'ibihu:




234.Gutwara uzungazunga mu muhanda:




235.Telephone ngendanwa ntigomba gukoreshwa:




Impamvu: igihe cyose

236.Kunyuranaho bibujijwe gusa igihe:




237.Mu gihe utwaye ikinyabiziga ni joro ucanye amatara maremare ugahura n'ikindi kinyabiziga giturutse mu kindi cyerecyezo:




238.Igihe umuyobozi w'inyamaswa, afite inyamaswa idatuje, asaba ko ibinyabiziga bihagarara:




239.Iyo mu muhanda hashushanyijemo umurongo wera ucagaguye, ntugomba




240.Kuvuza ihoni bibujijwe:




241.Icyemezo cy'Isuzuma ry'ikinyabiziga kimara igihe kingana iki?




242.N'iyihe myifatire myiza wagira ugeze aho abana bari hafi y'inzira nyabagendwa?




243.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yegereye aho umwana w'umuhungu utwaye akagare k'abana asezera ku nshuti ye . N'iyihe myifatire myiza wagira imbere yabo?




244.Iki cyapa gisobanura :




245.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga ageze hafi y'inzira y'abanyamaguru yakwitwara ate?




246.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga akurikiye ibinyabiziga bibiri, yifuza kubinyuraho. N'iki yashingiraho mbere yo kubanyuraho?




247.N'iki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora ashaka gukatira iburyo?




248.Muri ibi binyabiziga n'ikihe gihagaze nabi?




249.Ni gute umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yanyura kumunyegare hano?




250.N'iki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora aramutseahumishijwe n'urumuri rw'amatara yikinyabiziga giturutse mu kindi cyerekezo?




251.Niki ugomba gukora igihe wegereye ikimenyetso kimurika kiva mucyatsi kijya mumuhondo?




252.Niki umuyobozi w' ikinyabiziga akwiriye kumenya mugihe akurikiye umuyobozi wikinyamitende ibiri kandi imodoka y' umweru iri gusubira inyuma ijya mumuhanda?




253.Aha niki umuyobozi w' ikinyabiziga yakora mugihe ashaka kujya iburyo?




254.Aha umuyobozi w' ikinyabiziga ashobora kunyura kuri aba abanyamagare?




255.Aha niki umuyobozi w' ikinyabiziga yakora?




256.Muri ibi binyabiziga bine ni ikihe kiri mu buryo bwiza bwo gukata ikoni ry'iburyo kiva mu muhanda munini kijya mu muto?




257.Niki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora mu gihe abonye icyapa kiburira cya mpande eshatu gitukura mu muhanda?




258.Niki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga agomba gukora ahuye n'amatungo mu muhanda?




259.Niki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora abonye otobisi iri kuva aho zagenewe guhagararwamo?




260.Niki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora mugihe ahuye n'ikinyabiziga cyakije itara ry'umuhondo rimyatsa?




261.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora iki mu gihe anyuzweho nikindi kinyabiziga?




262.Umurongo w'umweru urombereje uciye hagati mu muhanda uvuze iki?




263.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga ugeze mu isangano ry'umuhanda ugenzurwa ni ibimenyetso by'amatara yaka agasanga ataka (adakora), yakora iki?




264.Ni iki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora ahuye n'ishyo ry'amatungo munzira nyabagendwa?




265.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora iki igihe ageze ku kazamuko gashinze cyane ?




266.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora iki ahuye n'ikinyabiziga giturutse mukindi kerekezo, gicanye amatara yumuhondo aburira?




267.Niki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora ageze hafi y'inzira ifunganye igihe ahuye n'ikindi kinyabiziga giturutse mukindi cyerekezo?




268.Umuyobozi w' ikinyabiziga agendera inyuma y'ikindi kinyabizaga akaba adateganya kukinyuraho yakora iki ?




269.Niryari amatara ndanga cyerekezo agomba kugaragazwa kubandi bakoresha umuhanda ?




270. Gutinda gutanga ibimenyetso ku muyobozi w'ikinyabiziga ni gute bibangamira abandi bakoresha umuhanda ?




271.Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwakurikizwa igihe hari umuntu wakomerekeye mu mpanuka yo mu muhanda ?




272.Niki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora igihe agize uruhare mu mpanuka yo mu muhanda , aho ntawakometese ariko ibinyabiziga bikaba byateza icyago cyangwa byafunze umuhanda ?




273. Igihe umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga agendera munzira y'icyerekezo kimwe akifuza gukata ibumoso yakora iki?




274. Umuyobozi w'ikinyabizaga uri kugendera mu muhanda w'ibyerekezo bibiri nuruhe ruhande rw'umuhanda agomba gukoresha ?




276.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora iki igihe ageze aho banyura bazenguruka?




277.i kihe cyerekezo umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yinjiriramo iyo ageze aho banyura bazenguruNka ?




278.Mbere yuko umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga akata ibumoso mu nzira nyabagendwa, nihe ikinyabiziga kigomba kuba kiri ?




279.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakwitondera iki mbere yuko y'injira munzira banyuramo bazengurutse ?




280.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga ugendera inyuma y'ikinyabaziga gitwara abagenzi gihagaze gikuramo cyangwa gishyiramo abagenzi agomba :




281.Igihe ubonye icyapa kigaragaza ishuli wakora iki?




282.Umubare w'abagenzi bemewe gutwarwa mukinyabiziga wanditswe mu :




283.Gutwara ikinyabiziga wasinze:




284.Ugeze ahari inzira yabanyamaguru barindiriye kwambuka. Ntibatangiye kwambuka , wakora iki?




285.Igihe utwaye umuntu mu kinyabiziga cyawe, akibagirwa kwambara umukandara wo kwirinda ibyago ugomba:




286.Igihe za otobisi zigenewe gutwara banyeshuli zihagaze kugirango zibafate cyangwa bavemo ugomba :




287.Igihe imodoka iparitse ku nkengero z'umuhanda mugihe cy' ijoro :




288.Mu gihe hari undi muyobozi w'ikinyabiziga ugukurikiye watangiye kukunyuraho :




289.Utwaye ikinyabiziga mu muhanda ufite ibyerekezo bibiri.ikinyabiziga imbere yawe cyiragenda buhoro, imbere yawe umuhanda nta kibazo kunyuranaho, ugomba :




290.Ibice by'umuhanda byera bigari biteganye n'umurongo ugabanya umuhanda mo ,kabiri bisobanura:




291.Uturebanyuma dukoreshwa




292.Kuki abanyamaguru batemerewe kwambuka umuhanda mw'ikoni cyangwa hafi y'imodoka ihagaze?




293.Kunyuranaho mw'ikoni :




294.Umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga igihe atwaye ikinyabiziga akagira umunaniro utuma y+asinzira yakora iki ?




295.Niki umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga yakora igihe atwaye ikinyabiziga mugihe cy'ibihu,imvura nyinshi, umwuzure cyangwa umukungugu mwinshi ?




296.Muri ibi byapa ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibyapa bitegeka byo mu muhanda?




297.Ugeze mu masangano y'umuhanda aho usanga ibimenyetso bimurika bidakora, wakora iki igihe umukozi ubifiye ububasha aguhaye iki kimenyesto ?




298.Amatara ndangacyerekezo agomba kugaragara nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye mu ntera nibura ya:




299.Umurongo ucagaguye uvuga ko buri muyobozi abujijwe kuwurenga uretse mu gihe:




300.Igice cy'inzira nyabagendwa kigarukira kumirongo ibiri yera icagaguye ibangikanye kandi gifite ubugari budahagije kugirango imodoka zitambuke neza kiba ari:




301.Icyapa kimenyesha kugendera mu muhanda ubisikanirwamo gifite




302.Ikinyabiziga kigendeshwa na moteri n'ikinyabiziga gikururwa n'inyamaswa ntibishobora gukurura :




303.Iki cyapa kivuga:




Impamvu : umuhanda ufunganye

304.Iki cyapa gisobanura ibi bikurikira:




305. Utugarurarumuri turi ku ruhande rw'imbere rw'ikinyabiziga tugomba gusa:




306.Iki cyapa kivuga:




307.Iki cyapa kigizwe:




308.Iki cyapa kivuga:




309.Umuyobozi ubonye ko hari undi umukurikiye ashaka kumunyuraho agomba kubahiriza ibi bikurikira :




310.Iki cyapa cyerekana :




Impamvu : ifungana ry'umuhanda n'akayira gasatira umuhanda i buryo

311.Icyi cyapa gisobanura :




312.Iki cyapa kivuga:




313.Iyo umuhanda ugabanijemo ibisate bibiri kandi ugendwamo mu byerekezo byombi umuyobozi abujijwe :




314.Icyapa kimenyesha kugendera mu muhanda ubisikanirwamo gifite:




315.Icyapa cyerekana inzira y'amatungo itegetswe giteye:




316.Icyapa cyerekana ko bibujijwe kuvuza amahoni kirangwa na :




317.Ibyapa biburira nibyo gutambuka mbere birangwa:




318.Ibyapa biburira bibereyeho kumenyesha umugenzi :




319.Ibyapa by'inyongera bishobora kumenyesha.




320.Ishusho y'icyapa kivuga''ugukikira”bitegetswe ni :




321.Icyapa kivuga “icyerekezo gitegetswe”kigizwe n'ikirango cy'ibara :




322.Iki kimenyetso gitanzwe n'umukozi ubifitiye ububasha cyo guhagarara :




323.Ibi byapa byo mu muhanda birambuza kunyuranaho ibumoso ?




324.Umuhanda urombereje w'ibice byinshi. Ndashaka kunyura kuri izi kamyo ibyiri mugihe gito ibumoso icyarimwe , biremewe ?




325.K'umuyobozi w'ivatiri, iki cyapa kivuze iki ?




326.Ndashaka gukata iburyo. Biremewe ?




327.Umuhanda wambukiranya inzira ya gariyamoshi




328.Kuri iki cyapa cyo mu muhanda cyambere kintegeka ?




329.Mpagaze mu murongo wo guhagarara umwanya muto




330.Ngomba :




331.Ndashaka kugata ibumoso. Imodoka y'icyatsi yaje irahagarara. Ninde ufite uburenganzira bwo gutambuka mbere?




332.Mfite uburenganzira bwo gutambuka muri iri sangano ?




333.Ndi kumuvuduko wa 20km/h. nshobora gukomeza muri iri sangano ry'umuhanda?




334.Umuyobozi wikinyabiziga aritegura kunyuraho ibumoso :




335.Uhereye kuri ibi byapa habujijwe :




336.Ndashaka gupariki ikinyabiga iburyo kunzira y'abanyamaguru




337.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




338.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki mu nkomane ?




339.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki aho banyura bazengurutse ?




240.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




341.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




342.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




343.Igice cy'inzira nyabagendwa kigarukira kumirongo ibiri yera icagaguye ibangikanye kandi gifite ubugari budahagije kugirango imodoka zitambuke neza kiba ari:




344.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




345.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




346.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




347.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




348.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




349.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




350.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




351.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




352.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




353.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




354.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




355.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




356.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




357.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




358.Mu byapa bikurikira , ni ikihe cyerekana umuhanda udakomeza:




359.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




360.Muri ibi byapa bikurikira ni ikihe cyerekana ko umuyobozi ukibonye yemerewe gutambuka mbere y'abaturutse aho agana mu nzira ifunganye:




361.Iki cyapa:




362.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




363.Ni ikihe icyapa gisobanura umuhanda w'icyerekezo kimwe:




364.Iki cyapa gisobanura iki ?




365.Iki kimenyetso kiri mu muhanda kivuze iki ?




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